What does attachment primarily refer to in child development?

Attachment primarily refers to the development of an emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver. This bond is crucial for a child's emotional and social development. It establishes the foundation of trust and security that allows children to explore their environment and form relationships with others. Research in child development emphasizes the importance of these early attachments, as they influence a child's ability to form healthy relationships later in life.

While independence from parents, peer friendships, and emotional expression are all critical aspects of child development, they typically build on the foundational attachment the child has to their primary caregivers. Thus, understanding attachment as a central concept helps in recognizing how early experiences shape a child's overall development.