What does the internal working model developed in childhood impact in later life according to Bowlby?

The internal working model is a concept introduced by John Bowlby that refers to the mental framework children develop based on their early relationships, particularly with their primary caregivers. This model influences how individuals understand themselves and relate to others throughout their lives.

When children form secure attachments with responsive and nurturing caregivers, they are likely to develop a positive view of themselves and others. This foundational belief impacts their ability to form trusting and healthy relationships in adolescence and adulthood. Conversely, children who experience inconsistent or negative caregiving may develop a more insecure attachment style, which can lead to challenges in forming and maintaining relationships.

Thus, the internal working model significantly affects later relationships by shaping an individual's expectations of intimacy, trust, and interpersonal dynamics. While academic capabilities, physical health, and career success can also be influenced by early experiences, they are not as directly linked to the emotional frameworks developed through attachment relationships as later interpersonal relationships are.